2. DESIGNING METHODS
2.1.Schematic Representation of Agricultural Machines



2.1.1.Types and kinds of schemes.



An element is a basis of any scheme. It is understood as a scheme component, which performs a definite function and can't be divided into parts, having independent value (for example, tool engine).

A device is a set of elements representing an indivisible construction (for example, an assembly unit aggregate). A device may not have a definite functional specification in a product.

A combination of different elements and devices constitute a scheme. In designing of agricultural machines the following kinds of schemes are used: functional diagrams; kinematic diagrams; schematic diagrams; diagrams of connections; diagrams of joints; general diagrams; layout diagrams; united diagrams.

A functional diagram explains definite processes, taking place in separate functional chains and in a machine as a whole. They are also used for studying operating principles of a product and during adjustment, control and repair.

A kinematic diagram shows relations between machine's components by means of kinematic chain and pairs.

A schematic diagram determines full set of elements and relations between them, as a rule, it gives detailed representation of product's operating principles, it is used in studying product's operating principles and also during their adjustment, control and repair. Schematic diagram serves as a basis for elaborating of other designing documents, for example, diagrams of connections (wiring) and drawings.

A diagram of connections (wiring) demonstratas connection of product elements and determines wires, braids and pipelines, by means of which these connections are made, and also attachment and lead-in places. DC (diagram of connections) is used in elaborating laying and ways of fastening of wires, braids, pipelines in a product and also for carrying out the attachments during control, operation and repair.

A joints-up diagram shows outer joints-up a product. It is used in elaborating of other designing documents, and also for joining the product up during operation. A schematic diagram defines components of a complex and their connections at operation place. Schematic diagram is used while getting acquainted with complexes and also during control and operation. If it is necessary, a schematic diagram may be elaborated for an assembly unit (AU) too.

A lay-out scheme defines relative layout of product components and also of braids, pipelines and wires on necessity; it is used for elaborating other designing documents and also during operation and repair of a product, A united diagram is a diagram representing diagrams of two or more types, put out for one product, at one designing document.

Depending upon elements of machine or aggregate and their links, schemes are divided into the following kinds: electrical diagrams, hydraulic diagrams, and pneumatic circuit.Scheme title is defined by its type and kind (for example, diagram schematic, hydraulic). Schemes may be combined (for example, electrohydraulic, schematic). Codes of diagrams included into product designing documents must consist of a letter, denoting a diagram kind, and of a number, denoting a scheme type. Kinds of diagrams are denoted by the following letters: electrical - E, hydraulic-H pneumatic-P, kinematic-K, combined - C. Scheme types are determined as follows: structural-1, functional-2, schematic-3, of connec-tions-4, of joints-up-5, united-6, lay-out-7. For example, diagram hydraulic schematic-H3, etc..

Give Russian counterparts for:


Schematic, representation, agricultural machines, definite, independent, value, tool engine, a set of, indivisible, a device, constitute, functional, kinematic, schematic, connections, joints, diagrams, lay-out, united diagrams, explains, functional chains, as a whole, repair, by means, pairs, as a rule, adjustment, serves, elaborating, diagram of connections, wires, braid, pipe-lines, by means of, attachment, lead-in places, firstly, pipe-lines, fastening, outer, joints-up, get acquainted, aggregate, divided into, hydraulic, pneumatic, circuit, defined, codes, denoting.

Find English counterparts for the following word combinations in the text:


Элемент, устройство, совокупность, изделие, функциональный, протекать, кинематический, наладка, монтажный, жгут, провод, трубопровод, подключение, наименование, шифр.

Subjects for discussion:




Назад Оглавление Вперед