1.3. Irrational Methods of Idea's search.
Irrational methods are applied in the cases, when it is necessary to widen the sphere of a new decision's search on the basis of collision of thinking with different situations which can lead to required decision.
Methods of intellectual attack, both sinectic and heuristic ones, are the most applicable from this group.
Solving design problems with the help of methods discribed in this passage a designer has to formalize and formulate the functional specification of a designed object and its parts.
Function revelation is an important but not always evident action and it requires corresponding skills. That's why, let's see, how their determining and formulating are perfomed.
Function - it is a demonstration and maintenance of some object's properties in a given system of relations, it is also an action, effect (for example, to transmit an effort, to prevent from shock, to connect tracks, to regulate depth of machining, etc.).
Functions are divided into groups according to the following features:
- relation to system (external, revealed in relations between objects and systems of users, and internal, revealed inside a given object and often from a user);
-the roles played (the main, determining specification of a product,
and the secondary, promoting growing of demand for a product, but not de
termining its efficiency);
-degrees of usefulness (useful, performing the required actions;
useless neutral, not decreasing usefulness, but making a design more expen
sive; harmful and worsening a machine work);
-according to character of revelation (real, perfuming of which a
product is created for and potentially possible, improving or widening the
sphere of product's application);
-according to character of origin (primary, determining specification
of a product, and derivative, taking place as the result of combination of pri
mary ones).
Revealing the functions, it is necessary to follow definite rules, notably:
-the functions are to be formulated correctly;
-function formulation must be laconic (for example, "stores grain
temporally", "loads grain into a holding bin", etc.);
-function specification must exactly reflect the plot of action or pro
cess, performing of which the analysis of an object or its element is destined
for. For example, for a function of a gear-box shaft a function can be called
"allows rotation", or "transmits rotation". Bu< more exactly is "transmits
torque".
Specifying functions it is necessary to bear in mind that one material carrier can perform some functions, and vise a versa some constructive, technological and other elements can serve for realization of one function.
Retell the text using the following words;
Irrational, search, to widen, collision, intellectual attack, sinectik, heuristic, applicable, to formalize, formulate, functional specification, function
revelation, evident, corresponding skills, maintenance, depth, according, external, revealed, internal, usefulness, useful, useless, neutral, harmful, sphere, derivative, stores, grain, loads, bin, plot, a gear-box shaft, rotation, torque, to bear in mind, carrier, vise a versa, worsening.
Find English counterparts for the following words in the text :
Иррациональный, мозговая атака, синектика, эвристический прием, назначение, проектировщик, навыки, рассматривать, предохранять, потребитель, скрытный.
Questions ft the text and subjects for discussion:
l.In what cases are irrational methods of ideas search used?
2.What methods of intellectual attract among irrational methods are most widely used?
3.What function group can be depicted?
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