Computers can deal with different kinds of problems but they must be given the right instructions. Instructions are written in one of the high-level languages, for example, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, PASCAL, BASIC, or C. But a program written in one of these languages must be interpreted into machine code. Usually when one instruction written in a high-level language is transformed into machine code, it results in several instructions. A brief description of some high-level languages is given below.

FORTRAN is acronym for FORmula TRANslations. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases. COBOL is acronym for COmmon Business-Oriented Languages. This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL deals with the problems that do not involve a lot of mathematical calculations. ALGOL is acronym for ALGOrithmic Language. It is used for mathematical and scientific purposes. BASIC is acronym for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming. C is developed to support the UNIX operating system. C is a general-purpose language. When a program is designed to do a specific type of work it is called an application program.

Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. FORTRAN deals with the problems that do not involve a lot of mathematical calculations.

2. An application program is a program designed to do a specific type of work

3. Usually an instruction written in a low-level language is transformed into machine code.

4. C consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases.

5. Computers must be given the right instructions in one of the high-level languages.

VOCABULARY

2. Find the words in the text that mean:

1. a word or abbreviation based upon the initials of the term it symbolizes.

2. a human-oriented language in which computer programs are written.

3. software that controls the hardware.

4. a set of written computer instruction.

5. program that is designed to do a particular job.

3. Complete the text with the words in the box.

camera education digital virtual activities

Videoconferences

A videoconference lets people in different places see and hear each other at the same time. People use it for 1_________ business and community events. Students can learn about different cultures in real time, and go on 2_______________ field trips without leaving home. Businessmen use it for meetings and job interviews because it saves money and time in traveling. Libraries and town halls can use it to bring people together for community meeting and other special 3___________. Videoconferences need a Web 4_______________ and videoconferencing software. You can use the Internet, a Local Area Network (LAN) or an Integrated Service 5____________ Network (ISDN) to have a videoconference

WRITING

4. Write a short paragraph about your future career in IT.