1.3.3. Heuristic techniques.


Heuristic techniques are determined as ways or rules of solving engineering problems, containing brief instructions about transformation of existing prototype and directions of decision search. Usually heuristic techniques (HT) don't contain direct simple instructions of how to transform a prototype. If HT are related to an investigated problem, then they contain "a prompt", simplifying achieving of desired result and guaranteeing its finding. The most widely used HT are given in table 1.3.

Table 1.3

Heuristic technique

Number of group
Title of group
Number cf HP
1
 Form transformation
16
2
 Structure transformation
19
3
 Transformation in space
16
4
 Transformation in time
8
5
 Force and movement transformations
14
6
 Material and substance transformations
23
7
 Differentiation techniques
12
8
 Amount of change
12
9
 Application of preventive maintenance
22
10
 Reserves use
13
11
 Analogue conversion
9
12
 Adaptability of manufacture increase
16
. In all
180

Methods of using these techniques may be different enough. For example, a designer put at deadlock, writes a statement, characterizing his trouble: "working tolerance will cause misfit of two surfaces." Then, every word of this statement is replaced by its synonym. "Working tolerances" is replaced by a synonimic notion "seam imperfections". This idea brings to replacement of welding to another process (p. 12 Adaptability to manufacture increase, see table 1.3.).The replacement of "misfit" by "clearance" brings to the idea of changing form of surfaces, having prescribed clearance between them (p.i, table 1.3.).Adding of attribute "adjacent to each other" to the words "two surfaces" leads to the idea of necessity of these two surfaces disconnection, for example, by means of gasket between them, etc.

In some cases, using table 1.3. techniques, it is possible to determine search direction at once. For example, modernizing an assembly unit design, showed at fig. 1:7., it was decided to use at first the rules of form transformation, then of movement one, and at last force transformation.

Назад Оглавление Вперед